

Reference: | S36365 |
Author | Felix BENOIST |
Year: | 1864 |
Zone: | Colosseo |
Measures: | 320 x 240 mm |
Reference: | S36365 |
Author | Felix BENOIST |
Year: | 1864 |
Zone: | Colosseo |
Measures: | 320 x 240 mm |
Black pencil drawing, mm 317x240, dated 1864. At lower left Le Colosee à Rome 1864 vue des Bains de Titus.
Belongs to a collection of 127 works unearthed from a French antiquarian who, in turn, had acquired them from the heirs of publisher Henri-Désiré Charpentier (La Rochelle 1805 - Vertou 1882); they are all done in black pencil, some have white lead highlighting; they never bear the date and signature of the author, but only a brief caption relating to the subjects depicted. The drawings denote a skilled and expert hand - especially in the delineation of buildings, ruins and architecture - that restores the monuments of Rome from interesting and unusual perspective points. The reference of most of the drawings to some of the tinted lithographs by Felix and Philippe Benoist, published in the three-volume work Rome dans sa grandeur, immediately became clear. The fact that this is a large group of original drawings related to the famous work edited by Henri-Désiré Charpentier is clearly supported by the prestigious provenance; it is a part of Charpentier's heir fund, among which the material of the famous chalcographic workshop had been divided.
Rome dans sa grandeur. Vues, monument ancient et modernes was printed in Paris in 3 volumes, in 1870. The publication, illustrated by 100 lithographs, was preceded by a campaign of preparatory drawings, dating from 1864 until 1869, executed mainly by Félix Benoist and partly by Philippe Benoist. On the eve of the Concilio Ecumenico Vaticano I, on August 11, 1869, Pius IX decreed the creation of a Roman Exhibition of the works of every art executed for Catholic worship, which was inaugurated, on February 17, 1870, in the cloister of the Carthusian monastery of Santa Maria degli Angeli. On that occasion, the three folio volumes Rome dans sa grandeur were presented. The lavishly bound volumes, with the coat of arms of Pius IX stamped in the center in gold, are divided into three sections. The first volume deals with ancient Rome, the second, with Christian Rome, and the third, with the monuments and achievements of modern Rome. A valuable view of papal Rome on the eve of Rome's profound transformation into the capital of united Italy. A document that highlights the remarkable imprint left by Pius IX on the Eternal City. The work represents the French artist's masterpiece, so much so that it places Benoist among the ranks of the greatest artists of interiors and views of his time.
The sheets used for the preliminary studies vary in size (from 170 mm x 240 to 490 x 300 mm), weight and even color gradation (from beige to green). Many of the drawings undeniably represent different preparatory stages - more or less complete - of some of the dyed lithographs illustrating the magnificent work, others of the silographic vignettes included in the text, while other sketches do not find translation in print. Belonging to this second group are both sketches relating to monuments and views of Rome and its surroundings: ancient Ostia, Grottaferrata, Olevano Romano, Anzio, Nettuno, Velletri and Vicovaro. Far beyond from Rome are drawings relating to Naples and Loreto. The suite was to form part of the entire fund, later dispersed, of preparatory studies from which the hundred intended for lithographic printing were selected.
This splendid drawing, which looks at the Colosseum through a portico of the site of the Baths of Titus, does not find a corresponding lithograph in Rome dans sa Grandeur but corresponds exactly to the description that is given of the site of the Baths in Volume I - Rome Ancienne (chap. I, p. 43): “Commence par Vespasien en lan 72 de notre ère, et dedié par Titus en l'an 80… On sait comment se faisaient ces dédicaces. Apres avoir sacrifié aux dieux on sacrifait.au peuple. Chasses, batailles, naumachies, combats d'éléphants, combats de grues, combats de gladiateurs; trois mille hommes, cinq mille bétes luttant,s'entretuant pendant cent jours, tel fut le sacrifice. L'amphithéatre prit le nom de de Flavien, de la la gens Flavia, à la quelle appartenaient les deux empereurs, et remplaca le lac de Néron dont on cherchait à effacer la mémoire. Si nous en croyons Suétone, Vespasien ne fit, en le construisant, qu'accomplir une pensée et peut-etre meme exécuter un plan d'Auguste. Ce plan présente un ovale de 200 metres sur 167, avec quatre ordres darchitecture s'élevant à une hauteur totale de 232 palmes (54 metres 82 centimètres). Quon se figure trois portiques superposés de 80 arcades chacun, dont les piliers sont flanqués de colonnes, et, au-dessus, un mur plein, orné de pilastres, percé de fenétres, et faisant le tour d'une terrasse ou galerie superieure. Le premier ordre est dorique le second ionique, les deux derniers corinthiens. Vespasien ne construisit que trois rangs de gradins; Titus en ajouta deux; enfin Domitien acheva le monument tel que nous le voyons jusqu'au faite, usque ad clypea. Le nombre des places où uo.l pouvait s'asseoir était de 87,000, et 20,000 spectateurs pouvaient, en outre, se tenir debout dans la galerie. Deux portes principales s'ouvrent aux extrémités de l'ovale; l’une vers le Forum, l’autre, plus grande, vers Saint-jean de Lateran. On suppose que c'est par cette dernière qu'étaient introduits les décors et les machines employes dans certains jeux. Ces deux entrées conduisent. .dans l'arène. Les arcs qu'elles dessinent sont des plus grands et beaux. Soixante-dix-huit portes secondaires, élevées de quelques marches, servaient aux spectateurs Chacune d'elles avait, On remarque que l'une d'elles, celle du milieu, vers et a encore, son numéro d'ordre, afn de prévenir toute confusion l'Esquilin, n'a pas de numéro. Elle s`ouvre entre les numéros Jusqu'au XIe siecle, le Colisée était resté à peu près intact; mais il devint alors une forteresse qu'oecupèrent successivement les Frangipani et les Annibaldi, et souffrit beaucoup de leurs guerres. Plus tard, on le prit souvent pour une carrière de travertin et de marbre. Benoit XIV, en y érigeant la Croix, mit un terme à ces destructions; mais fallait encore soutenir ee qui restait. déblayer le terrain, rendre au monument ses proportions antiques; c'est ce qu'ont fait, avec un admirable zèle, les cinq papes Pie VII, Léon XII, Pie VIII, Grégoire XVI et Pie IX. Le sol a été nivelé, de gigantesques contreforts ont été construits; enfin de voutes ont été refaites par ordre de Pie IX, et des escaliers restaurés avec une complete fidélité archéologique, de manière à render facile et sans danger le parcours des gradins et des ambulacres.
Built by Titus and dedicated in 80 AD, these baths occupied the area north-east of the Colosseum, in the III region immediately next to the Domus Aurea, on which, perhaps, they were partly superimposed.
A characteristic of Flavian policy was, in fact, that of returning the spaces previously occupied by Nero to public use.
The complex was known to us until today mainly thanks to the drawings drawn up by Andrea Palladio at the end of the 16th century; it occupied the southern slopes of the Oppio hill and therefore had to include an access staircase that led from the Colosseum to the thermal environments; these seem to be composed of a central body, not large in size, around which other rooms were arranged.
Félix Benoist was a skilful and composed litographer and one of the most renewed French artists of landscapes in the 19th century. He printed many works together with Philippe Benoist, painter and lithographer born in Geneva in 1813, among which are: “Rome dans sa grandeur” a beautiful and thorough work on Papal Rome.
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Félix Benoist was a skilful and composed litographer and one of the most renewed French artists of landscapes in the 19th century. He printed many works together with Philippe Benoist, painter and lithographer born in Geneva in 1813, among which are: “Rome dans sa grandeur” a beautiful and thorough work on Papal Rome.
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